{"id":115,"date":"2013-07-15T13:58:26","date_gmt":"2013-07-15T11:58:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.carajandb.com\/2013\/07\/15\/where-have-all-the-processes-gone\/"},"modified":"2018-03-05T08:15:21","modified_gmt":"2018-03-05T07:15:21","slug":"where-have-all-the-processes-gone","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/carajandb.com\/en\/2013\/07\/15\/where-have-all-the-processes-gone\/","title":{"rendered":"Oracle 12c – Where have all the processes gone …?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Multi-Process Multi-Threaded Oracle<\/h2>\n

If you are running Oracle databases on Unix or Linux you probably know that there are many processes even if no user is connected. But if you run Oracle on Microsoft Windows you only see one processes and all Actions are connected to it as threads. With Oracle 12c it’s now possibe to run an instance with very few processes and all tasks are running as threads. This is named “Multi-Threaded Oracle<\/strong><\/em>“.
\n<\/p>\n

How does it work?<\/h3>\n

To enable multi threading you have to set the Parameter threaded_execution<\/em> to “TRUE<\/em>“. After the instance restart only few processes still exist (for example pmon<\/em>). But every user processes still runs with a dedicated process. This can be changed with the listener Parameter “DEDICATED_THROUGH_BROKER_LISTENER=<\/em>ON<\/em>“. Now you will only see very few processes with the ps command. But there is a little pitfall: if the instance is running in Multi-Threaded mode you can no longer connect to the database with an OS authentication like sqlplus \/ as sysdba<\/em>. Instead you have to use username and password all the time. This is a restriction especially for scripts running on the same box or executed via ssh.<\/p>\n

Example<\/h3>\n

Let’s first look at the “normal” processlist for an Oracle 12c database:<\/p>\n

% ps -ef|grep WAGNER1\r\noracle    8994     1  0 12:36 ?        00:00:00 ora_pmon_WAGNER1\r\noracle    8996     1  0 12:36 ?        00:00:00 ora_psp0_WAGNER1\r\noracle    8998     1  1 12:36 ?        00:00:51 ora_vktm_WAGNER1\r\noracle    9002     1  0 12:36 ?        00:00:00 ora_gen0_WAGNER1\r\noracle    9004     1  0 12:36 ?        00:00:00 ora_mman_WAGNER1\r\noracle    9008     1  0 12:36 ?        00:00:00 ora_diag_WAGNER1\r\noracle    9010     1  0 12:36 ?        00:00:00 ora_dbrm_WAGNER1\r\noracle    9012     1  0 12:36 ?        00:00:02 ora_dia0_WAGNER1\r\noracle    9014     1  0 12:36 ?        00:00:00 ora_dbw0_WAGNER1\r\noracle    9016     1  0 12:36 ?        00:00:00 ora_lgwr_WAGNER1\r\noracle    9018     1  0 12:36 ?        00:00:00 ora_ckpt_WAGNER1\r\noracle    9020     1  0 12:36 ?        00:00:00 ora_smon_WAGNER1\r\noracle    9022     1  0 12:36 ?        00:00:00 ora_reco_WAGNER1\r\noracle    9024     1  0 12:36 ?        00:00:00 ora_lreg_WAGNER1\r\noracle    9026     1  0 12:36 ?        00:00:03 ora_mmon_WAGNER1\r\noracle    9028     1  0 12:36 ?        00:00:02 ora_mmnl_WAGNER1\r\noracle    9030     1  0 12:36 ?        00:00:00 ora_d000_WAGNER1\r\noracle    9032     1  0 12:36 ?        00:00:00 ora_s000_WAGNER1\r\noracle    9044     1  0 12:37 ?        00:00:00 ora_tmon_WAGNER1\r\noracle    9046     1  0 12:37 ?        00:00:00 ora_tt00_WAGNER1\r\noracle    9048     1  0 12:37 ?        00:00:00 ora_smco_WAGNER1\r\noracle    9050     1  0 12:37 ?        00:00:00 ora_fbda_WAGNER1\r\noracle    9052     1  0 12:37 ?        00:00:00 ora_w000_WAGNER1\r\noracle    9054     1  0 12:37 ?        00:00:00 ora_aqpc_WAGNER1\r\noracle    9056     1  0 12:37 ?        00:00:01 ora_cjq0_WAGNER1\r\noracle    9060     1  0 12:37 ?        00:00:00 ora_p000_WAGNER1\r\noracle    9062     1  0 12:37 ?        00:00:00 ora_p001_WAGNER1\r\noracle    9064     1  0 12:37 ?        00:00:00 ora_p002_WAGNER1\r\noracle    9066     1  0 12:37 ?        00:00:00 ora_p003_WAGNER1\r\noracle    9098     1  0 12:37 ?        00:00:00 ora_qm02_WAGNER1\r\noracle    9102     1  0 12:37 ?        00:00:00 ora_q002_WAGNER1\r\noracle    9104     1  0 12:37 ?        00:00:00 ora_q003_WAGNER1\r\noracle    9283     1  0 12:47 ?        00:00:00 ora_w001_WAGNER1\r\noracle    9520     1  0 13:07 ?        00:00:00 ora_w002_WAGNER1\r\n...\r\n<\/pre>\n
Now the instance parameter is set to true and the instance will be restarted:<\/p>\n
SQL> ALTER SYSETM SET threaded_execution=TRUE scope=spfile;\r\nSystem altered.\r\nSQL> shutdown immediate\r\n...\r\nSQL> startup\r\nORA-01017: invalid username\/password; logon denied\r\n<\/pre>\n
As you can see it’s no longer possible to use the OS authentication but you have to use a username and password instead.<\/p>\n
% sqlplus sys\/manager as sysdba<\/pre>\n
And the process list looks like follows:<\/p>\n
% ps -ef|grep WAGNER\r\noracle   19286     1  0 10:39 ?        00:00:00 ora_pmon_WAGNER1\r\noracle   19288     1  0 10:39 ?        00:00:00 ora_psp0_WAGNER1\r\noracle   19290     1  1 10:39 ?        00:00:02 ora_vktm_WAGNER1\r\noracle   19294     1  0 10:39 ?        00:00:00 ora_u004_WAGNER1\r\noracle   19300     1  3 10:39 ?        00:00:05 ora_u005_WAGNER1\r\noracle   19306     1  0 10:39 ?        00:00:00 ora_dbw0_WAGNER1\r\noracle   19369     1  0 10:41 ?        00:00:00 oracleWAGNER1 (LOCAL=NO)\r\noracle   19373     1  0 10:42 ?        00:00:00 oracleWAGNER1 (LOCAL=NO)\r\noracle   19376     1  0 10:42 ?        00:00:00 oracleWAGNER1 (LOCAL=NO)\r\n<\/pre>\n
The instance now has only 6 background processes but the user processes are still dedicated. With the new parameter in the listener this can be changed as well:<\/p>\n
% cat listener.ora\r\nDEDICATED_THROUGH_BROKER_LISTENER=ON\r\n...\r\n% lsnrctl stop\r\n% lsnrctl start\r\n% ps -ef |grep WAGNER\r\noracle   19286     1  0 10:39 ?        00:00:00 ora_pmon_WAGNER1\r\noracle   19288     1  0 10:39 ?        00:00:00 ora_psp0_WAGNER1\r\noracle   19290     1  1 10:39 ?        00:00:12 ora_vktm_WAGNER1\r\noracle   19294     1  0 10:39 ?        00:00:00 ora_u004_WAGNER1\r\noracle   19300     1  1 10:39 ?        00:00:09 ora_u005_WAGNER1\r\noracle   19306     1  0 10:39 ?        00:00:00 ora_dbw0_WAGNER1\r\n<\/pre>\n
All the user processes have been gone and running as threads within the context of process 19300 (ora_u005_WAGNER1<\/em>). This can be validated with the view v$processes<\/em>:<\/p>\n
SQL> SELECT spid, stid, pname, execution_type, program  \r\n           FROM v$process\r\n          ORDER BY execution_type, stid;\r\nSPID    STID     PNAME EXECUTION_ PROGRAM\r\n------- -------- ----- ---------- --------------------------------------\r\n                       NONE       PSEUDO\r\n19300   19510    W001  THREAD     oracle@wagner.carajandb.intern (W001)\r\n19300   19515          THREAD     oracle@wagner.carajandb.intern\r\n19300   19516          THREAD     oracle@wagner.carajandb.intern\r\n<\/pre>\n
Conclusion<\/h3>\n
As the next step I will run some Benchmarks but I’m optimistic that similar to pluggable databases the reducement of processes can help running multiple databases on one single Server. The most critical part is the missing OS authentication as you will probably have to change a couple of scripts you’re running. I would appreciate and comments and experiences<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Multi-Process Multi-Threaded Oracle If you are running Oracle databases on Unix or Linux you probably know that there are many processes even if no user is connected. But if you run Oracle on Microsoft Windows you only see one processes and all Actions are connected to it as threads. With Oracle 12c it’s now possibe to run an instance with very few processes and all tasks are running as threads. This is named “Multi-Threaded Oracle“.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_crdt_document":"","_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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