{"id":182,"date":"2014-10-30T12:49:34","date_gmt":"2014-10-30T11:49:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.carajandb.com\/2014\/10\/30\/multitenant-snapshot-copy-en\/"},"modified":"2018-02-09T13:44:45","modified_gmt":"2018-02-09T12:44:45","slug":"multitenant-snapshot-copy-en","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/carajandb.com\/en\/2014\/10\/30\/multitenant-snapshot-copy-en\/","title":{"rendered":"Multitenant Snapshot Copy"},"content":{"rendered":"

Snapshot clones are available with various techniques, like clonedb with 11.2.0.3 or the already mentioned software company Delphix. The most common ones are using storage technologies like ZFS or NetApp. Starting with Oracle 12.1.0.1 it was also possible using snapshot clones with pluggable databases within the multitenant database architecture. But it was limited to file systems that support sparseness and ACFS.<\/p>\n

With the first patch set 12.1.0.2 it\u2019s possible to use direct NFS as well for snapshot copies. As direct NFS becomes more and more popular for database storage this is a real shift towards the usage of snapshot copies.
\n<\/p>\n

Direct NFS<\/h2>\n

Direct NFS has been discussed and described in detail in the blog from my colleage Sebastian Winkler\u00a0https:\/\/carajandb.com\/en\/blogs\/blog-swinkler-en\/178-oracle-direct-nfs-configuration-using-linux-or-windows-with-11g-and-12c<\/a><\/p>\n

Please checkout that blog for further information about Direct NFS.<\/p>\n

Keystore<\/h2>\n

Before snapshot copies can be created it is required to setup a keystore with the password of the nfs server. Advanced security is not my personal favorite so I apologize if this is not the best practice setup for a keystore but it works. The location of the keystore must be specified in sqlnet.ora like in the following example:<\/p>\n

\r\n% cat sqlnet.ora\r\nENCRYPTION_WALLET_LOCATION=\r\n   (SOURCE=\r\n      (METHOD=FILE)\r\n      (METHOD_DATA=\r\n         (DIRECTORY=\/home\/oracle)))\r\n<\/pre>\n
Now a keystore for all kind of keys can be created in the directory \/home\/oracle.<\/p>\n
\r\nSQL> ADMINISTER KEY MANAGEMENT\r\n     CREATE KEYSTORE '\/home\/oracle\/' IDENTIFIED BY oracle;\r\n<\/pre>\n
The password should be a little more secure as shown above!<\/p>\n
Next the keystore can be opened to store a password for the NFS Server:<\/p>\n
\r\nSQL> ADMINISTER KEY MANAGEMENT SET KEYSTORE OPEN\r\n     IDENTIFIED BY oracle CONTAINER=ALL;\r\nSQL> ADMINISTER KEY MANAGEMENT\r\n     ADD SECRET 'manager' FOR CLIENT 'synology1'\r\n     USING TAG 'oracle' IDENTIFIED BY oracle WITH BACKUP;\r\n<\/pre>\n
Again it should be obvious to use more complex passwords!<\/p>\n
Snapshot Copy<\/h2>\n
One last change has to be done before a snapshot copy can be created: the database instance must be enabled for clones:<\/p>\n
\r\nSQL> ALTER SYSTEM SET clonedb=true SCOPE=spfile;\r\nSQL> SHUTDOWN IMMEDIATE;\r\nSQL> STARTUP;\r\n<\/pre>\n
The pluggable database which acts as the source of our clone must resist on the same store (so direct NFS in our case) as the snapshot clone. So we need to create a pluggable database on the new NFS storage first and this has to be opened read only at any time as long as there is at minimum one pluggable database relying on it.<\/p>\n
With 12.1.0.1 it was necessary to create an \u201cOn Startup Trigger<\/em>\u201d to ensure that the PDB will be started in read only mode automatically. With 12.1.0.2 a new feature named \u201cPDB State Management across CDB Restart<\/em>\u201d will allow individual settings for PDBs.<\/p>\n
Another new feature in 12.1.0.2 is the ability to specify an individual path (CREATE_FILE_DEST) for the pluggable database while using Oracle Managed Files (OMF). Please don\u2019t mix up CREATE_FILE_DEST with DB_CREATE_FILE_DEST. The first one is an optional parameter with the CREATE PLUGGABLE DATABASE command while the other one is a server parameter for the general location of data files when using OMF.<\/p>\n
\r\nSQL> CREATE PLUGGABLE DATABASE sonate1\r\n      ADMIN USER pdb_admin IDENTIFIED BY manager\r\n      CREATE_FILE_DEST='\/u02\/oranfs\/JOSEPH\/SONATE1';\r\nSQL> ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE sonate1 OPEN;\r\nSQL> ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE sonate1 OPEN READ ONLY FORCE;\r\nSQL> ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE sonate1 SAVE STATE;\r\n<\/pre>\n
The directory \u201cSONATE1<\/em>\u201d must exist before creating the pluggable database.<\/p>\n
And now it\u2019s Show Time:<\/p>\n
\r\nSQL> CREATE PLUGGABLE DATABASE sonatine\r\n       FROM sonate1 CREATE_FILE_DEST='\/u02\/oranfs\/JOSEPH\/SONATINE' \r\n       SNAPSHOT COPY;\r\nSQL> ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE sonatine OPEN;\r\n<\/pre>\n
Verification<\/h2>\n
If we look into the database there is no difference to an ordinary PDB:\"snapshot<\/p>\n
The size of the data files for PDB 7 and 8 are the same. If we look at the operating system level it looks similar:<\/p>\n
\r\n$ ls -l SONATE1\/JOSEPH\/00AB52D5EA461844E053191E10ACC948\/datafile\/\r\ntotal 819276\r\n-rwxrwxrwx 1 oracle oinstall 576724992 Aug 15 14:43 o1_mf_sysaux_9yvzxzcq_.dbf\r\n-rwxrwxrwx 1 oracle oinstall 262152192 Aug 15 14:43 o1_mf_system_9yvzxzc8_.dbf\r\n-rwxrwxrwx 1 oracle oinstall  20979712 Aug 15 14:40 o1_mf_temp_9yvzxzd1_.dbf\r\n\r\n$ ls -l SONATINE\/JOSEPH\/00AB52D5EA481844E053191E10ACC948\/datafile\/\r\ntotal 196\r\n-rwxrwxrwx 1 oracle oinstall 576724992 Aug 15 14:45 o1_mf_sysaux_9yw037m1_.dbf\r\n-rwxrwxrwx 1 oracle oinstall 262152192 Aug 15 14:45 o1_mf_system_9yw037k6_.dbf\r\n-rwxrwxrwx 1 oracle oinstall  20979712 Aug 15 14:43 o1_mf_temp_9yw037ns_.dbf\r\n<\/pre>\n
So is this really using copy on write?<\/p>\n
UNIX \u201cdu\u201d command gives the answer:<\/p>\n
\r\n$ du -sh *\r\n801M SONATE1\r\n952K SONATINE\r\n<\/pre>\n
This result shows that the PDB SONATINE is only occupying 1 MB on storage while the original PDB SONATE1 is using 800 MB.<\/p>\n
Conclusion<\/h2>\n
Multitenant Database with direct NFS is the next step towards a DBaaS offering. It\u2019s now very easy to create even tenths of clones of identical database for test or development purpose without large amounts of storage and without the need for a specific storage vendor.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Snapshot clones are available with various techniques, like clonedb with 11.2.0.3 or the already mentioned software company Delphix. The most common ones are using storage technologies like ZFS or NetApp. Starting with Oracle 12.1.0.1 it was also possible using snapshot clones with pluggable databases within the multitenant database architecture. But it was limited to file systems that support sparseness and ACFS. With the first patch set 12.1.0.2 it\u2019s possible to use direct NFS as well for snapshot copies. As direct NFS becomes more and more popular for database storage this is a real shift towards the usage of snapshot copies.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":526,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_crdt_document":"","_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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