The system was build up to test some tools, i.e. the new Oracle Cloud Control 12c, Toad for Oracle and Spotlight (Quest Software) with their RAC components and the HLMM (Herrmann & Lenz Monitoring Module). And this was not about \u201ccertificated\u201d configurations or even to set up a productive environment, but about creating a RAC database with minimum effort.
\n<\/p>\n
The VMware ESXi itself was simply used as a shared storage. Read later on how that works.<\/p>\n
First of all the virtual machine, Asterix, (4GB main storage, 2 network adapters and 40GB disk) is set up and Oracle Enterprise Linux 6 Update 1 installed (30GB would probably have been far enough, but you should spare some for later updates and the Enterprise Cloud Control agents). Then this virtual machine is \u201ccloned\u201d as Obelix.<\/p>\n
Now two additional virtual disks (20GB each) are created on Asterix. Pay attention to the following:<\/p>\n
The same is also performed on Obelix, but for SCSI (2:0) and SCSI (2:1). So afterwards there are two disks with 20GB each on each machine, which can be shared.<\/p>\n
What remains, is to introduce the virtual disks to each other\u2019s machine (of course, you could have created all disks on one machine to then just introduce them to the other machine, but it was faster like this).<\/p>\n
For Obelix this means that now there are two virtual disks added, but not by \u201ccreate new virtual disk\u201d but by \u201cuse existing virtual disk\u201d. By this the disks asterix_1.vmdk and asterix_2.vmdk are chosen. It is important to again choose a separate SCSI controller (here SCSI (1:0) and SCSI (1:1)) and change the SCSI bus to \u201cvirtual\u201d.<\/p>\n
If you did everything correctly, both virtual machines should now boot clean and by \u201cfdisk \u2013l \u201d you can see the disks sdb, sdc, sdd and sde on both machines.<\/p>\n
The \u201cowner\u201d of the ASM disks must be defined, before ASM can be configured. Though it is possible to install all Oracle components under the \u201cOracle\u201d owner, it is actually better to separate the grid infrastructure from the database. That is why two Linux users (oracle and oragrid) and three groups (oinstall, dba and griddba) are created.<\/p>\n
There are two methods for configuring ASM: first by the asmlib and second by using the Linux udev definition. As I always made good experiences with asmlib in the past, I stayed with it. So I downloaded the regarding package from OTN and installed it (rpm -Uvh oracleasmlib-2.0.4-1.el5.x86_64.rpm). The ASM support package must be installed, too. You find this on the OEL 6U1 DVD (oracleasm-support-2.1.5-1.el6.x86_64.rpm).<\/p>\n
Now the partitions are created on one computer (!) by fdisk (one partition for each disk), so that fdisk \u2013l later gives this result:<\/p>\n
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System\r\n\/dev\/sda1 * 1 64 512000 83 Linux\r\nPartition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.\r\n\/dev\/sda2 64 5222 41430016 8e Linux LVM\r\n\r\nDisk \/dev\/sdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes\r\n255 heads, 63 sectors\/track, 2610 cylinders\r\nUnits = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes\r\nSector size (logical\/physical): 512 bytes \/ 512 bytes\r\nI\/O size (minimum\/optimal): 512 bytes \/ 512 bytes\r\nDisk identifier: 0x54a3d8c5\r\n\r\nDevice Boot Start End Blocks Id System\r\n\/dev\/sdb1 1 2610 20964793+ 83 Linux\r\n...\r\nDevice Boot Start End Blocks Id System\r\n\/dev\/sdc1 1 2610 20964793+ 83 Linux\r\n...\r\nDevice Boot Start End Blocks Id System\r\n\/dev\/sdd1 1 2610 20964793+ 83 Linux\r\n...\r\nDevice Boot Start End Blocks Id System\r\n\/dev\/sde1 1 2610 20964793+ 83 Linux\r\n<\/pre>\nNext ASM is configured on both systems:<\/p>\n
# service oracleasm configure\r\n\r\nConfiguring the Oracle ASM library driver.\r\n\r\nThis will configure the on-boot properties of the Oracle ASM library\r\ndriver. The following questions will determine whether the driver is\r\nloaded on boot and what permissions it will have. The current values\r\nwill be shown in brackets ('[]'). Hitting without typing an\r\nanswer will keep that current value. Ctrl-C will abort.\r\n\r\nDefault user to own the driver interface []: oragrid\r\nDefault group to own the driver interface []: griddba\r\nStart Oracle ASM library driver on boot (y\/n) [n]: y\r\nScan for Oracle ASM disks on boot (y\/n) [n]: y\r\n...\r\n<\/pre>\nNow the ASM disks can be created (on one system only, e.g. Asterix):<\/p>\n
# service oracleasm createdisk ASM1 \/dev\/sdb1\r\n# service oracleasm createdisk ASM2 \/dev\/sdc1\r\n# service oracleasm createdisk ASM3 \/dev\/sdd1\r\n# service oracleasm createdisk ASM4 \/dev\/sde1\r\n<\/pre>\nOn another system the ASM configuration is imported:<\/p>\n
# service oracleasm scandisks<\/pre>\nAfterwards the ASM disks show up on both systems and can be used for the grid infrastructure.<\/p>\n
Installation of the grid infrastructure<\/h2>\n
The installation of the grid infrastructure is basically very simple. It is very helpful, that Oracle allows or needs an \u201cout of place\u201d upgrade with patch sets since version 11.2.0. That means the patch set 11.2.0.3 can be installed as a regular release. Before a basic release had to be installed first.<\/p>\n
The grid infrastructure is located on the third part of the patch set (p10404530_112030_Linux-x86-64_3of7.zip).<\/p>\n
Before opening the universal installer, some configurations for the network have to be made. It is the easiest and Oracle recommends to use a name server, because only by this several SCAN (single client access names) can be defined. As my system is a test configuration, as I already mentioned, I did not exert myself, but simply made the according entries in the host file. That means:<\/p>\n
\n
- One “public” IP address each (asterix and obelix)<\/li>\n
- One “private” IP address each (asterix-priv and obelix-priv)<\/li>\n
- One “virtual” IP address each (asterix-vip and obelix-vip)<\/li>\n
- One SCAN IP address for the entire cluster (gallier)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
It must also be possible that both systems are able to communicate with each other without any password checks. Therefore the ssh for \u201coragrid\u201d and \u201coracle\u201d has to be set up accordingly:<\/p>\n
Asterix:\r\n$ ssh-keygen -t rsa\r\nObelix:\r\n$ ssh-keygen -t rsa\r\n$ cd .ssh\r\n$ cp rsa.pub authorized_keys\r\n$ scp authorized_keys asterix:.ssh\r\nAsterix:\r\n$ cd .ssh\r\n$ cat rsa.pub >> authorized_keys\r\n$ scp authorized_keys obelix:.ssh\r\n$ ssh asterix date\r\n$ ssh obelix date\r\n\r\nObelix:\r\n$ ssh asterix date\r\n$ ssh obelix date\r\n<\/pre>\nNow there should not be any passwords checks anymore between the systems and the installation of the grid infrastructure can be performed.<\/p>\n
The installation under the user \u201coragrid\u201d develops very easily, if you consider which network is \u201cpublic\u201d and which one is \u201cprivate\u201d. Since Oracle 11 release 2 the cluster registry files can also be put into ASM, so that no separate disks are required. If you choose the according option, next the \u201ccandidate disks\u201d for ASM are shown and the files can be created. The password of the ASM user must have a certain complexity (\u201cmanager\u201d as a password is not possible anymore).<\/p>\n
In the end the root.sh must be recalled as usual. Here you should take care to perform them one after another and not at the same time, so waiting is on.<\/p>\n
Same with the installation of the software database (under the \u201coracle\u201d user). If you made a mistake earlier or if the installation of the grid infrastructure has not been finished correctly, the point \u201cGrid Infrastructure Option\u201d is not shown when opening the universal installer in Oracle. Here you can choose to perform a single instance installation, a RAC installation or a RAC single node installation.<\/p>\n
Conclusion<\/h2>\n
The installation of Oracle RAC in this environment developed very easy and is sufficient for testing purposes. Maybe some of you are wondering, that I did not mention the kernel parameter. The reason is simple: Since Oracle 11g release 2 the installation is basically helping itself. If requirements are not met, which can be fixed by simple adjustments of limits or the kernel (i.e. sysctl.conf), one script \u201crunfixup.sh\u201d for each computer is created in the folder \/tmp\/CVU_. You just perform this (as root user, of course) and the parameters are set correct afterwards.<\/p>\n
Regarding the new packages, still manual labor is on. But except for the already described asmlib all required packaged are on the OEL 6U1 CD.<\/p>\n
I am very interested in a feedback regarding this blog and willing to give some more information on my tests with Oracle RAC.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
The system was build up to test some tools, i.e. the new Oracle Cloud Control 12c, Toad for Oracle and Spotlight (Quest Software) with their RAC components and the HLMM (Herrmann & Lenz Monitoring Module). 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