{"id":7512,"date":"2019-06-05T16:21:16","date_gmt":"2019-06-05T14:21:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.carajandb.com\/?p=7512"},"modified":"2019-06-05T16:21:19","modified_gmt":"2019-06-05T14:21:19","slug":"backup-and-recovery-with-rman-is-easy","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/carajandb.com\/en\/2019\/06\/05\/backup-and-recovery-with-rman-is-easy\/","title":{"rendered":"Backup and Recovery with RMAN is easy!"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

About 8 years ago I wrote a blog named: It’s so Easy to use RMAN for Backups<\/a>. So it’s time for a revisit and to show how easy it is to restore a database.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Oracle Managed Files (OMF)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Let’s start with some easy tasks: the naming and location of Oracle database files. There might be some few reasons (e.g. Oracle 12.1 with Multitenant) why you want to explicitly name the data files. But for the majority of database its more useful to handle over naming to the Oracle database.
There are three parameters:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

  1. db_create_file_dest<\/code>: The parameter specifies the location of data files, one control file and the first member of the redo logs.<\/li>
  2. db_recovery_file_dest<\/code>: This parameter specified the location for the second control file, the second member of redo logs and all backup related files, as there are:
    • Backups<\/li>
    • Archived Redo Logs<\/li>
    • Flashback Logs<\/li><\/ul><\/li>
    • db_recovery_file_dest_size<\/code>: And this parameter reflexes the maximum size of the directory db_recovery_file_dest. Using this parameter the database processes are able to check the required space vs. the available space. In the event that there is insufficient space a cleanup might occur. I will blog about this issue separately.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n

      Example:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        SQL> show parameter file_dest\n \n NAME\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 TYPE\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 VALUE\n ------------------------------------ ----------- -------------------------\n db_create_file_dest\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 string\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \/u02\/oradata\n db_recovery_file_dest\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 string\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \/u03\/orabackup\n db_recovery_file_dest_size\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 big integer 12918M <\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
      Please do not specify the name of the database because that’s added automatcially.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
      The result looks like this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
       SQL> SELECT name FROM v$datafile;\n \n NAME\n -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\/u02\/oradata\/PAUL\/datafile\/o1_mf_system_gfqxv3xm_.dbf\n\/u02\/oradata\/PAUL\/datafile\/o1_mf_sysaux_gfqxy3cn_.dbf\n\/u02\/oradata\/PAUL\/datafile\/o1_mf_undotbs1_gfqxztmj_.dbf\n\/u02\/oradata\/PAUL\/datafile\/o1_mf_system_gfqy2zho_.dbf\n\/u02\/oradata\/PAUL\/datafile\/o1_mf_sysaux_gfqy2zhk_.dbf\n\/u02\/oradata\/PAUL\/datafile\/o1_mf_users_gfqxzvw6_.dbf\n\/u02\/oradata\/PAUL\/datafile\/o1_mf_undotbs1_gfqy2zhs_.dbf\n \/u02\/oradata\/PAUL\/88ECC48AE4632772E0530D63A8C04AEF\/datafile\/o1_mf_system_gfqzc581_.dbf\n\/u02\/oradata\/PAUL\/88ECC48AE4632772E0530D63A8C04AEF\/datafile\/o1_mf_sysaux_gfqzc582_.dbf \/u02\/oradata\/PAUL\/88ECC48AE4632772E0530D63A8C04AEF\/datafile\/o1_mf_undotbs1_gfqzc583_.dbf\n\/u02\/oradata\/PAUL\/88ECC48AE4632772E0530D63A8C04AEF\/datafile\/o1_mf_users_gfqznp2m_.dbf <\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
      You might wonder why there are three SYSTEM, SYSAUX and UNDO Tablespaces and why 4 Data Files are located in a sub directory called 88ECC48AE4632772E0530D63A8C04AEF<\/code>. The reason is the usage of Multitenant database with one pluggable database. So we have the files of the CDB (e.g. \/u02\/oradata\/PAUL\/datafile\/o1_mf_system_gfqxv3xm_.dbf<\/code>), the ones of the PDB$SEED, strangly not in a sub directory (\/u02\/oradata\/PAUL\/datafile\/o1_mf_system_gfqy2zho_.dbf<\/code>) and the data files belonging the the PDB. The GUID of the PDB is used for the subdirectory name.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
      Archive Log Mode<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
      It’s mandatory to run the database in archive mode first because otherwise you are unable to do online backups. Because we have set the parameter db_recovery_file_dest we do not need to specify any archive log destination. Instead it’s sufficient to stop the database, start it in mound mode and switch on archiving:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
       SQL> SHUTDOWN IMMEDIATE\n SQL> STARTUP MOUNT\n SQL> ALTER DATABASE ARCHIVELOG;\n SQL> ALTER DATABASE OPEN;\n \n SQL> ARCHIVE LOG LIST\n Database log mode\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Archive Mode\n Automatic archival\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Enabled\n Archive destination\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 USE_DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST\n Oldest online log sequence\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 1\n Next log sequence to archive\u00a0\u00a0 2\n Current log sequence\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 2 <\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
      The Oracle database tells us where it stores the archive logs: USE_DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST. The db_recovery_file_dest is also called Fast Recovery Area or FRA.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
      To check the correct archiving we initiate a log switch:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
       SQL> ALTER SYSTEM SWITCH LOGFILE;\n \n SQL> SELECT name, sequence# FROM v$archived_log;\n \n NAME\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 SEQUENCE#\n ---------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------\n \/u03\/orabackup\/PAUL\/archivelog\/2019_05_15\/o1_mf_1_2_gfr0hol6_.arc\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 2\n \n SQL> !ls -l \/u03\/orabackup\/PAUL\/archivelog\/2019_05_15\n total 133064\n -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 136255488 May 15 14:11 o1_mf_1_2_gfr0hol6_.arc <\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
      You can see the OMF structure again: a sub directory named “archivelog” will be created automatically with the current date as subdirectory.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
      Now all requirements are fulfilled and we can do a backup.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
      RMAN Backup<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
      oracle@simon[PAUL]% rman target \/\n \nRecovery Manager: Release 18.0.0.0.0 - Production on Wed May 15 12:40:38 2019\nVersion 18.4.0.0.0\n \nCopyright (c) 1982, 2018, Oracle and\/or its affiliates.\u00a0 All rights reserved.\n \nconnected to target database: PAUL (DBID=1975738546)\n \nRMAN> BACKUP DATABASE PLUS ARCHIVELOG; <\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
      That’s easy – isn’t it? This simple command will backup the database and with the option \u201ePLUS ARCHIVELOG\u201c all archived logs generated in the meantime will be backed up as well. This option is mandatory as well because it guarantees a constitent backup.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
      Here are some details about the backup:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
      Part 1: Archive Log Backup<\/p>\n\n\n\n
      Starting backup at 15-MAY-19\ncurrent log archived\nusing channel ORA_DISK_1\nchannel ORA_DISK_1: starting archived log backup set\nchannel ORA_DISK_1: specifying archived log(s) in backup set\ninput archived log thread=1 sequence=2 RECID=1 STAMP=1008339097 \ninput archived log thread=1 sequence=3 RECID=2 STAMP=1008339575\nchannel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 15-MAY-19\nchannel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 15-MAY-19\npiece handle=\/u03\/orabackup\/PAUL\/backupset\/2019_05_15\/o1_mf_annnn_TAG20190515T141936_gfr0yrdn_.bkp tag=TAG20190515T141936 comment=NONE\nchannel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:07\nFinished backup at 15-MAY-19 <\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
      The first part is to backup the current archive logs. They are not required for the new backup but for the older ones because they guarantee that a past backup is able to be restored to any time until the next backup becomes valid.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
      Part 2: Data File Backup<\/p>\n\n\n\n
      Starting backup at 15-MAY-19\nusing channel ORA_DISK_1\nchannel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set\nchannel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set\ninput datafile file number=00001 name=\/u02\/oradata\/PAUL\/datafile\/o1_mf_system_gfqxv3xm_.dbf\n\u2026\nchannel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 15-MAY-19\nchannel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 15-MAY-19\npiece handle=\/u03\/orabackup\/PAUL\/backupset\/2019_05_15\/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20190515T141943_gfr0z05c_.bkp tag=TAG20190515T141943 comment=NONE\nchannel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:35\nchannel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set\nchannel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set\ninput datafile file number=00014 name=\/u02\/oradata\/PAUL\/88ECC48AE4632772E0530D63A8C04AEF\/datafile\/o1_mf_sysaux_gfqzc582_.dbf\n \u2026\nchannel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 15-MAY-19\nchannel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 15-MAY-19\npiece handle=\/u03\/orabackup\/PAUL\/88ECC48AE4632772E0530D63A8C04AEF\/backupset\/2019_05_15\/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20190515T141943_gfr103o6_.bkp tag=TAG20190515T141943 comment=NONE\nchannel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:15\nchannel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set\nchannel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set\ninput datafile file number=00006 name=\/u02\/oradata\/PAUL\/datafile\/o1_mf_sysaux_gfqy2zhk_.dbf\n \u2026\nchannel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 15-MAY-19\nchannel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 15-MAY-19\npiece handle=\/u03\/orabackup\/PAUL\/88EC7E4263971E50E0530D63A8C0199C\/backupset\/2019_05_15\/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20190515T141943_gfr10m8y_.bkp tag=TAG20190515T141943 comment=NONE\nchannel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:15\nFinished backup at 15-MAY-19 <\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
      For the CDB and each PDB a separate backup set will be generated.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
      Part 3: Archivelogs<\/p>\n\n\n\n
      Starting backup at 15-MAY-19\ncurrent log archived\nusing channel ORA_DISK_1\nchannel ORA_DISK_1: starting archived log backup set\nchannel ORA_DISK_1: specifying archived log(s) in backup set\ninput archived log thread=1 sequence=4 RECID=3 STAMP=1008339650\nchannel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 15-MAY-19\nchannel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 15-MAY-19\npiece handle=\/u03\/orabackup\/PAUL\/backupset\/2019_05_15\/o1_mf_annnn_TAG20190515T142050_gfr1134p_.bkp tag=TAG20190515T142050 comment=NONE\nchannel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01\nFinished backup at 15-MAY-19<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
      Now the archive logs which are required to make the most current data file backup constitent are backed up.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
      Part 4: Controlfile and spfile<\/p>\n\n\n\n
      Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 15-MAY-19\npiece handle=\/u03\/orabackup\/PAUL\/autobackup\/2019_05_15\/o1_mf_s_1008339652_gfr114nk_.bkp comment=NONE\nFinished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 15-MAY-19 <\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
      Finally the current control file and spfile will be backed up.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
      We are done with the backup. In the next blog I will describe how to restore and recover a faulty data file.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
      About 8 years ago I wrote a blog named: It’s so Easy to use RMAN for Backups. So it’s time for a revisit and to show how easy it is to restore a database. Oracle Managed Files (OMF) Let’s start with some easy tasks: the naming and location of Oracle database files. There might be some few reasons (e.g. Oracle 12.1 with Multitenant) why you want to explicitly name the data files. But for the majority of database its more useful to handle over naming to the Oracle database.There are three parameters: db_create_file_dest: The parameter specifies the location of data 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